As an expert in the field of construction, I am often asked about the difference between structural steel and cold-formed steel (CFS). While both are used as main structural elements in building construction, there are distinct characteristics and strengths that set them apart. Structural steel is hot-rolled, making it thicker, stronger, and heavier than CFS. This allows for the use of welding, bolting, and riveting as fastening methods. On the other hand, CFS is thinner and lighter, making it more suitable for load-bearing structural elements in residential and commercial buildings up to 10 floors. While both types of steel have their own unique uses, cold-formed steel is commonly used for structural or non-structural elements such as columns, beams, joists, studs, and floor covers.
It is also used in industrialized construction for bridges, storage racks, grain bins, and more. The manufacturing process for cold-formed steel involves a technique called cold reduction or hard rolling. This alters the microstructure of the steel to increase its ductility. This is in contrast to hot-rolled structural steel which is formed at elevated temperatures. One of the main differences between structural steel and CFS is their weight. Structural steel tends to be much heavier, making it better suited for large and bold projects such as towers, buildings, and ships.
However, there are many instances where CFS can outperform structural steel if given the right opportunity. The type of steel construction chosen for a building depends on several factors. For example, CFS is often preferred for its cost-effectiveness as it requires smaller equipment and no large cranes for installation. Additionally, exposed structural steel can make a beautiful design statement in a space. In terms of functionality, both structural steel and CFS have their own strengths. Structural steel is often used for its load-bearing capabilities, while CFS is better suited for framing floors, ceilings, and walls.
However, both types of steel can be used for a variety of building elements and decorative assemblies. In conclusion, while there are clear distinctions between structural steel and cold-formed steel, both have their own unique uses and strengths in building construction. As an expert in the field, I believe that understanding the differences between these two types of steel is crucial in determining the most suitable option for a specific project.